oracle11g静默安装教程

一.环境准备

1.准备好安装包

2.关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
永久关闭:systemctl disable firewalld

3.关闭selinux

setenforce 0
永久关闭:vim /etc/selinux/config
设置SELINUX= enforcing 为SELINUX=disabled

4.检查Oracle安装需要的依赖包并安装

rpm -qp gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel libXtst-devel
yum -y install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel libXtst-devel libXtst-devel unzip

5.添加oinstall 、dba 组，新建oracle用户并加入oinstall、dba组中

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle

6.修改用户的限制文件

vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle         soft    nproc         2047
oracle         hard    nproc         16384
oracle         soft    nofile        1024
oracle         hard    nofile        65536
oracle         soft    stack         10240

7.创建安装目录、修改文件权限

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /u01/app/oracle/oradata
mkdir /u01/app/oracle/inventory
mkdir /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

8.切换到oracle用户，设置oracle用户环境变量

su - oracle
vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile
添加：
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
立即生效：source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

9.上传Oracle安装包到/tmp并解压

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

10.root用户下编辑静默安装响应文件

vim /tmp/database/response/db_install.rsp
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

二.开始安装数据库

1.oralce用户下安装Oracle 11g

cd /tmp/database
./runInstaller -silent -force -ignorePrereq -responseFile /tmp/database/response/db_install.rsp

出现Successfully Setup Software代表安装完成

2.切换root用户运行脚本

sh /u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh

3.用oracle用户登录配置监听

netca -silent -responseFile /tmp/database/response/netca.rsp

显示这个代表成功继续下一步：
****DISPLAY environment variable not set!
    Oracle Net Configuration Assistant is a GUI tool
    which requires that DISPLAY specify a location
    where GUI tools can display.
    Set and export DISPLAY, then re-run.

则需要执行命令： export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0  配置DISPLAY变量  然后重新执行netca命令

4.检查1521端口是否已经启动

netstat -anp|grep 1521

三.建立新库和实例

1.切换到root用户

vim /tmp/database/response/dbca.rsp
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/u01/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
TOTALMEMORY = "800"

2.用Oracle用户进行静默配置

dbca -silent -responseFile /tmp/database/response/dbca.rsp

3.完成后进行实例检查

ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

4.查看监听状态

lsnrctl start
lsnrctl status
lsnrctl reload

5.登录查看实例状态

sqlplus / as sysdba
startup
select name from v$database
sqlplus system/oracle@192.168.52.130:1521/orcl

四.设置开机启动

1.oracle用户新增启动文件

vim /u01/app/oracle/start_ora.sh
#!/bin/sh

lsnrctl start
echo "Oracle just have been started!"
echo "Begin to start the oracle!"
sqlplus /nolog <<EOF
connect / as sysdba
startup
exit
EOF
exit

2.root用户修改文件

vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
su - oracle -c "/u01/app/oracle/start_ora.sh"

3.root用户，增加执行权限

chmod  755  /etc/rc.d/rc.local
chmod  755  /u01/app/oracle/start_ora.sh

五.停止数据库

1.第一种

shutdown abort --不建议使用